Selection system for electrical circuits or equipments



Jan. 26, 1954 M, DEN HERTOG ET Ai.

SELECTION SYSTEM FoR ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS Filed June 14, 195o l A OR EQUIPMENTS 10 Sheets-Sheet 1 /QQ/ R07 Raf l' 599K 19.0K Vom iz S l .1

OC 2350;P I RC3 Ra/ i i90KA .499K vom i l l /Rba ai goe F/G/ i Inventors Attorney lIan. 26, 1954 M. DEN HERTOG ET Ai. 2,667,540

SELECTION SYSTEM FOR ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS OR EQUIPMENTS 10 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed June 14, 1950 Inveniors APT/NUS DEN HEFTG coNsTqNr/Nus Attorney Jan' 26, 1954 M. DEN HERTOG ET AL 2,567,540

SELECTION SYSTEM FOR ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS OR EQUIPMENTS Filed June 14, 1950 10 Sheets-Sheet 3 Inventors MART/Nus 06N Hmq coMsTANT/Nus DE Zeeuw Attorney Jan- 26, 1954 M. DEN HERTOG ET AL 2,667,540

SELECTION SYSTEM FOR ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS OR EQUIPMENTS Filed June 14, 1950 10 Sheets-Sheet 4 Y( Q1 L) Q lu lf( ln U .LQ .LLI r A 1r A un Q q 'u u S k fr n) Q t Q (D A P-I- L w L E 3l N u; :C L'.- N 2 Y k .Ill v Te LMMIIHI- 3 l' Inventors MART/Nus DEN HE/roq CONSTANT/NUS DE ZEEl/W I lh O Q lu l Attorney Jam 26,1954 M. DEN HERTOG ET AL 2,667,540

SELECTION SYSTEM FOR ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS OR EQUIPMENTS 10 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed June 14, 1950 mvxw EUA mmb\ imo Rm kmw n; km.;

..1 W @Sim m v Q. N9@ 4 ma Q /MMWMMWAQT as@ w/ Inno nvenlors NARN/V05 DEN HERTOG CONSTANT/N05 DE ZEEUW Attorney M. DEN HERTOG ET Ai. 2,667,540

Jan. 26, 1954 SELECTION SYSTEM FOR ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS OR EQUIPMENTS 10 Sheets-Sheet 6 Filed June 14, 1950 MART/Nw DEN Hem-oc, co/vsTANT/Nw 0E zEuw vm; \m\to\m\mwwmm\ @lfvw @www w Q w Qu A VV r w a aux EFT nouw@ uw WMQ @www M RU Hum E 3 HHH wm W f Non@ NUUMI Iv aww@ 14mm@ ttorney Jan. 26,A 1954 M. DEN HERTOG ET AL 2,667,540

SELECTION SYSTEM FOR ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS OR EQUIPMENTS 10 Sheets-Sheet 7 Filed June 14, 1950 In venlors MART/NUS 06N HERroq coNJTANT/Nus 0E ZEEl/W A Horn e y Jam Z5, 1954 M. DEN HERTOG ET AL 2,667,540

SELECTION SYSTEM FOR ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS OR EQUIPMENTS Filed June 14, 195o 1o sheefs-sh'eet s Inventors MART/Nw @EN HERTOG CONSTANT/N05 0E ZEEl/W I Attorney Jan. 26, 1954 M. DEN HERTOG ET AL 2,667,540

SELECTION SYSTEM FOR ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS OR EQUIPMENTS Filed June 14, 1950 lO Sheets-Sheet 9 MAW/Nus DEN HsRraG co/vsm/vT//vus 05 zesuw BWM A ltarn e y Jam 26, 1954 M. DEN HERTOG ET AL 2,667,540

SELECTION SYSTEM FOR ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS OR EQUIPMENTS P63 PaS L Fig. 2. Fig. 3.

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Inventors MART/NUS DEN HERmG ONSMNT/N/S 0E ZEUW Attorney Patented Jan. 26, 1954 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE SELECTION SYSTEM FOR ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS 0R EQUIPMENTS Martinus den Hertog and Constantiinus` de Zeeuw, Antwerp, Belgium, assignol's to International Standard Electric Corporation, New York, N. Y., a corporation of Delaware Application June 14, 1950, Serial No. 168,071

Claims priority, application France J une 3 0, 19.459v

29 Claims. (Cl. 179-18) from a number of outgoing circuits comprisingl several groups.

Another characteristic of the invention consists in an automatic telecommunication system, comprising static electrcial devices for directly selecting, in a single operation, a particular outgoing circuit from a number of outgoing circuits comprising several groups,

Another characteristic of the invention consists in an automatic telecommunication system comprising arrangements -ior the vdirect Y.selection and testing, in a single operation, kof a particular outgoing circuit from a number of outgoing circuits comprising several groups.

Another characteristic of the invention consists of an automatic telecommunication system comprising a selector switch circuit adapted to apply in turn to a common test circuit a series of dilerent signals each of which relates to a different outgoing circuit, and which by its identity defines the identity and the condition 0f the outgoing circuit with which said signal is associated.

.Another characteristic of the invention consists in an automatic telecommunication system comprising a, selector switch circuit with. arrangements for applying to a common test circuit e different test characteristic for each of the outgoing circuits, .said characteristic identifying the corresponding Outgoing circuit, and with arrangements for automatically changing the test characteristic associated with an outgoing Cfcut from one to another of a plurality o f diierent characteristics allocated individually to said outgoing circuit when the condition of said circuit changes, for example, when the circuit passes from the free state to the busy state, each characteristic allocated t0 an outgoing circuit identiiying said circuit. and .its condition.

Y Another characteristic ol .the invention consists in the fact that the state of the line (free, local-busy, toll busy), is signalled hy special charactcri.stiosz to the register controller, While the selecting operation is carried out.v

Another characteristic of the invention .consists ih .a selector switching circuit in which each outgoing circuit has m different test characteristics which are allocated to it, arrangernentsy heine provided for temporarily associating .one ofy the m characteristics with said circuit. the total number mx@ of differenttest character?. istics forming m different sets, each set. having a common factor and no two sets having the saine common factor, one characteristic from each group constituting the m characteristics el ocoted to each outgoing circuit, arrangements being made so that a plurality of sets of characteristics are each used to characterise the identity and a particular condition .of the outlets (free or busy) and that a plurality .of sets of. characteristics are each usedf to characterise the. identity and a particular class .ci outlets (such as the rst line of P. B, X).

Another characteristic of the invention' consists in a selector switch circuit .ill which an automatic kchange of the characteristic, associated with an outgoing circuit when the said circuit becomes busy, automatically suppresses the indication of class-of-outlet previously given,

Another characteristic of. the invention .00nsists of a selector Siltch circuit in whichv the test characteristics are composed of electricr impulses in a cycle of impulses situated in timeg seid cycle having at least as many time units as there are test characteristics to be provided.

Another characteristic of the invention consists in a unal selector switch circuit comprising one of the individual selectors or a multi-switch, in which the operation is effected by means under the control of the corresponding Vpart of the wanted designation in order to select e particular line, arrangements being provided to check the type of line selected ood to cause the operation of other means, after the type-of-line check has been made, in order to connect the incoming circuit to the line selected.

Another characteristic of the invention consists in a nal selector switch circuit comprising one of the individual selectors of a multi-switch, comprising means for connecting up the linetype checking means for checking purposes whether the line selected is free or busy.

Another characteristic of the-invention consists of an automatic telecommunication Ysystem ccm-'- prisms .unal selection devices having access 'to several groups of lines, each allocated to a particular subscriber, and also a control equipment for said unal selection devices, arrangements being provided for applying group, test characteristics ,(P. B. to a certain number of outlets ,of final selection, devicesv scid lines being placed in any desired positions among the line assembly,

lines of a particular subscribers group (P. B. X)

which characterise both the identity of the line and its group character. Y f Y Another characteristic of the invention consists in an automatic telecommunication system comprising nal selection devices having access to several groups of lines (P. B. X) and control equipment for said nal selector devices,

Varrangements being provided for testing a line to determine whether it is free or busy, in order, if it is busy, to make another test on the same channel already used tc test the free or busy condition of the linerand to effect a hunt in the P. B. X group when a busy line is found to be a line belonging to a group (P. B. X) as a result of the second test.

Another characteristic ofthe invention consists of an automatic telecommunication circuit comprising final selection devices having access to several line groups (P. B. X) and control equipment for said final selection devices, means being provided for applying test characteristics to a rnumber of consecutive lines (P. B. X) placed in any desired positions among several groups of lines without any restriction, arrangements being made to modify the control exercised by the control equipment when a line of a group (P. B. X) other than the last is found busy, so that said control equipment selects and tests the next line of the group (P. B. X).

Another characteristic of the invention consists in aV system of automatic telecommunication in which selection control equipment is marked for selection purposes in accordance With the number of the desired line which has been registered, means being provided to modify thev has just been tested being eliminated, to be re-` placed by characteristics identifying the adjacent line in the group of lines allocated to a particular subscriber. Another characteristic of the invention consists of an automatic telecommunication system, comprising final selector devices associated with a control equipment and capable of hunting among several groups of lines (P. B. X) distributed in any desired manner, arrangments being provided to mark said control equipment in accordance With the number of the desired line which has been registered, and to modify said marking if the line tested is a busy line forming part of a group of'non-consecutive lines (P. B. X), the characteristic identifying said busy line being replaced by a characteristic peculiar to the subscribers line group (P. B. X).

Another. characteristic of the invention consists of an automatic telecommunication system in which the register-controllers comprise arrangements for marking devices for controlling the selection in accordance With the wanted line number which has been stored, means being provided for applying test characteristics to the busy lines of a group of lines, which may or may not be consecutive, allocated to a particular subscriber (P. B. X) and arrangements being provided in the register-controllers to respond to the group characteristics (P. B. X) and in response to said characteristics to change the marking of the selection control, the characteristics identifying the busy line which has just been tested being eliminated, to be replaced by characteristics which identify the next line of the group (P. B. X) in the outgoing lines of the connector.

Another characteristic of the invention consists in an automatic telecommunication system in which a desired line is selected under the control of a register controller in accordance with the number of the desired line which has been registered, means being provided first of all to test the condition of the selected line in order then to connect a signal-receiving equipment to the selected line to receive and register, if necessary, the indication of the group to which the line belongs, arrangements being provided so that if the line selected is one of a group (P. B. X) and is busy, the control marking of the selection may be modified in accordance with the group indication (P. B. X) which has been registered, the selection operations being resumed so that a free line ofthe registered group is selected.

Another characteristic of the invention consists in an automatic telecommunication system comprising arrangements for selecting a desired line under the control of a register-controller, arrangements being provided to make first of all a condition test on a selected line, in order secondly to connect a signal-receiving equipment to the selected line to receive and record information relating to the group (P. B. X) to which the line belongs, if necessary, means being provided, if the selected line belongs to a group of subscribers lines (PIB. X) and if it is busy, to effect a test Withinfthe group (P. B. X) of Which the identity has been recorded in order to record the identity of a free Vgroup line selected (P. B. X), means also being provided to act under the control of said'line-identity recording means and to set an individual switch of a multi-switch on said line.

Another characteristic of the invention consists of an automatic telecommunication system comprising means for allocating (m n+o) different sources of test characteristics to a final selector switch having access to n lines, said test characteristics being first of all divided into two main groups (mX'n.) and 0, the test characteristics Within each main group having Va factor common to the group and the common factor being different for each main group, the rst main group (mXn) being sub-divided into m sub-groups each of n characteristics, the test characteristics within such a sub-group having a factor common to the sub-group, and no two sub-groups having the same common factor, arrangements being made to allocate m test characteristics one from each sub-group, to each line, and for associating with each line for the purpose of selection control any one of the test characteristics allocated thereto.

Another characteristicof the invention consists of an automatic telecommunication system in which the selection control means and the P. B. X information recording means are in the register-controller, the identity recording means being associated with the nal selector and the register controllers comprising means for signalling the identity of the selected line to the said identity recording means.

accanto Another characteristic" of the invention con: sists of an automatic telecommunication System in which the test characteristicsare composed of electrical 4pulses` corresponding to diierent time positions in a cycle of time positions. Another characteristic of the invention consists in an automatic telecommunication'system comprising controll devices operable both when iirst'` test devices have determined that the selected line is busy and when second test devices have determined that the selected line isa line of a particular subscribers group `(l. B. X), .a third test device, which is under the control of said control devices, testing on other lines of the group (P. B. X) in accordance with the common factor -of the sub-group of the test'characteristics associated with the group (P. B. X) said test characteristics of the sub-group being employed to control the selection of the line di-l rect, in which-case theV common factor is not used, and for controlling P. B. X-hunting in whichcase the lcommon factor is used.

Another characteristic ot the `invention consists of an automatic telecommunication system comprising nal vselector devices associated with a control equipment adapted to hunt among several groups of lines distributed in any desired manner, arrangements being provided to apply to "said groups test characteristics fora particular subsoribes line group (B. B. X) and .means permitting the substitution for one or more lines of 'a group (YP. B. X) characteristics of individual lines to the group characteristics (R. B. X) -so .as to select a4 particular line from said group UA?. B. X).

Various other characteristics will appear from the following description, given as anon-limitative example, with reference to the attached drawings in which:

Figs. l and la when .placed side by side show the circuit elements of a registerfcontroller,.suicient to. describe and explain the .operation of. .the nal selector. vand its common control circuit.

Eig. 2 .indicates thecircuits .controlling selec.-

tion between .the register and .the Jinal selector.

Fig. 3. shows the individual circuit of .an individual final selector in a multiswitch.

Eig. 4 and Fig. 5. show thecommon control .circuit .for a multi-switch .comprising several ,final selectors.

Fig. d shows a diagram ofthe cyclesofimpulses situated in time and lused to. .control the.. selec..- tion.

Fig. 7. .shows a table. indicating the method of employing the. impulses .of .6; to .control the.

selection.

Fig. 8 shows the. basic .circuit of the cyclicA scanf ning .device for 10.0. subscribers;` lines forming a .part of the common .control circuit of Fig. 5..

Fig. 9 shows a diagram .of thcvoltage obtained on the output of .thescanning device in the case in which thereare. l'subscribers; linesavailable which may be free, busy with a local.` call or Abusy with atoll call.

Eig. 10. shows a diagram off'thebasic. circuit of those. parts of .theregister involved.y in theselection of a subscribers line.

Fig. 1l shows a diagram .of the basiccircuit of the .device .of Fig. 5 rendering. it. possible to lscan 20 indications ofclass-offsubscrber-is lines.

Eig.. 12 shows a diagram of the basic .circuit of those parts of the register. used in. .determining .theclass of subscribers line.

Fig. 13 shows the. methodofconnection OfiFigs. 1 to 5.

The objectof anal selector circuit .is .to .Select a subscriberfs line under .the control ofl a regis: ter in accordance with the tens and units. digits of the subscribervs number.

The circuit is based on the use of a multizswitch comprising a .certain number of horizontal bars, each of which may be considered as representing an individual switch capable of handling a call like a well-known singlefmotion switch. A .hulle dred outlets have been provided accessible through all the individual switches. Vertical bars across all the horizontal bars and Qontrol the selection of a particular outlet which has to be connected by an individual switch by means of the horizontal bar.

A multi-switch o f this type iS. use@ taser-ve iQQ subscribers lines and comprises a certain nuin-- ber of individual final selectors.

nach individual final selector .circuit comprises a so-called horizontal` magnet HM, 'v vhich,forms` part of the multi-switch, vand a relay A common control switch, Shown in Figs. i and 5, has been provided common to all the. ina, dividual nal selectors Aserving a group of lQQ lines. This circuit employs electronic ldevices and controls the operation .orfa vertical bar and a horizontal bar of the multi-switch to, complete a connection for only one call at, a time., lmithe control of a register which controls the selec-` tive operations by the final selector and after the seizure of the desired outlet. The operation of; the final selector circuit Will Abe described at. the same time as that of the common control circuit.

The tens digit and the hundreds digit. are. noty selected separately.; and selective .operation takes. place under the control hothof the tens and the units digits of the-wanted subscrbers number, which are sent to and recorded in the register, in order to select a particular line from the hundred lines which are accessblethrough one multf, switch.

Provision is made in the common .control4 cir-f cuit of the final selector `so that aV class-offline indication, chosen from several, can be given to each line by means of jumpering. The common control circuit is .arrangedto transmit this condition to the register handling thccall, so that the latter can, if necessary, modify or prevent the operations for establishngv'the call, accorde ing to the class of line.

Two different ways have been provided for routing the calls to groups.- (E. B. X) loo-th` of which may be used either alone orp-inanyfsuitable combination.

The method of routing calls togroups (P. B; X) will now be explained. Firstly, each group of lines may comprise. any number Aof small groups (P. B. X) each line off said groups having consecutive numbers, preferably in the same decade, i. e. having the same tens digit.

The .ccmmonralling number of. such groups'is that of the line having the .lowestnumben 'The other lines of the group may be called individually, by their own number. If the line is busy, the selection of any line of a group, except the last, will cause hunting over the remaininglinesoffthe group.

This. facility is of interest; when handling a large number of small groups (RB.` only comprising 2 or f ci,'vv lines. and.cquallydstr-ibuted Over all the, 100-line erounsiinnrder ,to .equalise the traiiic.

secondly, itis possibletto form alimited num;- bcl-Df; atours.. (-.P.;1,:. .inaecherouuorioulines.

7. by combining any assembly of lines in one group. Thus, forv example, it is possible to form a set of six groups V(P. B. X) of this type, with the arrangements indicated in the common control circuit. The common calling number of the group which causes hunting in the other lines of the` group if it is found busy, may be that of any line in the group; in other words this common call number is not necessarily the lowest number or highest of the lines of the group. The other lines of the group can be called individually by their number, but will not cause hunting when found busy.

'I'his facility is useful when a single line has to be converted into a group (P. B. X) or when the number of lines in a group of the previously mentioned type has to be extended, in the particular case in which no lines are available by means of which a consecutive group of lines can be formed or extended, but in which other lines in the 100-line group can be used, and when it is desired at the same time to reach such lines by hunting, Without changingthe call number of the existing line or group.

The register controller comprises a digit storage device of well-known type; the circuits for connecting the register-controller to the talking circuit connecting the calling line to the final selech tor can also be of well-known construction.'

It will therefore be assumed that the digits of the wanted subscribers number have been received and stored andthat the connection has been completed from the register controller to the nal selector stage through the wires A, B, C, D. The earth through contact ok and wire B causes relay FA to operate in the final selector through the back contact km2 of the horizontal magnet HM; it also energises relay Ch. in the register.

The operation of relay FA immediately connects the final selector circuit to the corresponding common control circuit, respectively connecting the wires A, C, and D to the common control circuit through the work contacts f0.5, fa2, f0.6.

Moreover, relay FA prepares a holding circuit for itself through the E-wire, in series with the winding of the horizontal magnet HIM and the make contact fall, but the magnet HM cannot operate at that particular moment1 because direct earth is connected to both ends of its winding; the E-wire is in fact directly earthed as shown in Fig. 2.

The common control circuit is brought into o erative condition, earth being transmitted in said common control circuit through the following circuit; back contact HB3 of the horizontal bar, make contact fal, back contact ghl, back contact gc3. This earth energises relay GB in series with the resistance to the battery. Through its contact gbl, relay GB applies earth to the anodes of the cold cathode tubes VRA, VRB, VRC; Vd, through its contact gb3 it applies a 150 v. potential to the cathode of the left-hand portion SVA3 of a double triode SVAS, SVAA, thus preparing the common control circuit to control the selection of the Wanted line by the nal selector.

The 100lines of each group of final selectors of which one is represented by the wire F, Fig. 4, are connected through a scanning device or gate having a tree formation, which is shown at the right in Fig. 5, to the grid of tube SVA3, shown in Fig. 4. The scanning device is arranged in -threestage'sl The 100 lines are divided into groups of f5.for'the rst stage, each line Vin a group being connected through an individual rectifier ARCS to a'second stage common point, thus making 25 of these rsecond stage common points.v yEach group of 5 second stage common points is connected through an individual rectier BRCS to a third stage common point, there being 4 of these third stage common points. Each of the third stage common points is connected through an individual rectiiier CRCS to a single common point which is connected to a -40 v. point on a Vpotentiometer OPT and also to the grid of tubeVSVAS through a 200,000 ohm resistor ORI-I. The- 40 v. potential is normally applied to the grid of the tube and maintains the tube in a non-conducting condition.

Each line and each common point is connected `through a branch rectifier to one of a group of current sources which will be described hereinafter. One of the branchrrectiers ARCP is connected to each line; one of the branch rectiers BRCP is connected to each second stage common point; and one of the branch rectiers CRCP is connected to each third stage common point.

A 100,000-ohm resistancevRg is provided in the common control circuit foreach of the lines accessible to one group of final selectors; one end of said resistance is connected to one of 100 terminals Which are connected, as desired, to 'l electric impulse sources Pdll Pdll. There is one terminal to each line. The other end of resistance Rg is connected through a rectier Rcs with the line and the 3 successive stages of rectiers in series, ARCS, BROS, CRCS.

Fig. 6 shows the impuse diagram given by the various sources, and used as a time basis in a 12-unit code.

YThere are two main groups of sources; the sources of the first group are indicated by the references Pa, Pb, Pc, Pd, and the sources of the second group by thereferences Ra, Rb, Rc, Rd. The chief difference between the two groups of sources consists intheir difference of potential. The sources P are always used in the grid` circuit of a thermionic amplifier tube, and their potential has been iixed accordingly. The sources R are always used in the control circuit of cold cathode tubes and their potentials have been adapted to the conditions for operation of the said tubes. The? sources are normally at a potential of -40 v., but at different times, corresponding to repetitive pulses, this potential is raised to -16 v. for a short instant.

Each of the two groups Pa and Ra comprises six sources, each source producing impulses in a periodic cycle so that together they produce impulses in six consecutive time units in a periodic cycle. The length of each impulse corresponds to the length of' the time unit on which the Whole system is based.

Each of the two groups Pb and Rb comprises ve sources, each source producing impulses in a periodic cycle, so that together they produce impulses in ve consecutive time units, each of said impulses corresponding to six time units of -the sources Pa and Ra. and their period to 30 such time units.

Each of the two groups Pc and Rc comprises four sources similarly arranged; the length'of the impulses supplied by said sources corresponds to 30 time units of the sources Pa and Ra. and their period to time units.

The group Pd comprises ten sources similarly arrangedf'the length of the impulses supplied by said sources corresponds to 120 time units of 9 the sourcesPa and Ra, and their period to 1200 time units. These ten sources, like those of. the other groups, produce impulses situated in time and displaced with respect to each other, so that the impulse supplied by each source follows that of the preceding source.

The iive sources Rd are identical with sources Pdl 5 with regard to time characteristics.

Fig. 6 also shows the relations between the sources Pia and the twodetector sources d2 and d3. Detector sources d2 transmits an impulse during the end of the period of emission or corresponding source Pa., even if the impulse Pa. is cut off. Detector source d3 corresponding to d2, transmits an impulse at the beginning of the next emissive period of source Pa.` The sources of the rst three types, i. e. Pa., Pb. Pc, are used to check the transmission of a signal composed of one impulse situated in time. and also the detection of a signal made up in the same way. The simultaneous use of any three sources of different types makes it possible to obtain 6 5 4=l20 different time units.

In order to be able to scan. the 100 outlets, said lines are distributed over the 120 time units so that the first five units only are used in each ofthe successive groups of 6 units, l. 6, 1 l2 for the line scanning, while the last unit of each group of six is not used for this function. In other words, the sources of periodic impulses Pal 5 are used for scanning the 100 outlets, while the source Pa is not used for this purpose. Consequently, source Pa may be exclusively used to scan 20 different classes to which the lines may arbitrarily be assigned, the scanning taking place during the 20 impulses sent by said source in ay period of 120 time units. These different classes are shown in a table to be described later.

At the receiving end, i. e. the register of Figs. 1 and la, the impulses are received after having been displaced by one time unit, due to the successive use of detector impulses d2, d3 for the transmission and reception of the impulses, an impusle sent in time unit No. l being received in time unit No. 2, etc. Consequently thev impulses sent out during the veiirst time units of each group of six will be received during the five last time units of each group of six. As a result of this, only the sources Raz S are used for the reception cf the impulses which characterise the. 100 dierent outlets and which are transmitted by means of sources Pal 5. The impulse source Rai is exclusively used. when the 20 special indications previously mentioned are received, which have been transmitted by means of source Pat.l

Fig. 7 shows the manner of employing sending sources Per to Pc in combination with three stages of gates in the scanning circuit of Fig. 5 for supplying impulses to theregister controller. The scanning circuit' or gate of Fig. 5 enables 100 outlets to send irripuises to the' grid circuit of an amplifier. tube in l different time units, said tube retransmitting the impulses to the register. Fig. 7 shows the mannerof connecting sources Pa to Pc to three successive gate stages, such as ARCI, BRCP, CRCP, shown on the common control circuit of the nal selector. The

table shows the sources to be used for the gates associated with each outlet. This table also shows in which time uni-t an' impulse must be sent 'for each outlet.

It will be assumed that resistance Rc (Fig. of a particular line is connected to P114 I'D and that said source has a potential of -,16. v No current can now fromthis source to the po.- tentiometer OPT, and thence tothe grid circuit of tube SVA3, unless this potential of -16 V. is simultaneously applied to the three rectifiers ARCP, BRCP, CRCP connected to the scanning circuit. When the potential supplied from the sources (or one of them) connected` to .ARCH BRCP, CRCP is 40 v., and when the potential applied to Rg is -16 V., there is in eiect a potential of 4G v. on the circuit, connecting the resistance Re' in the common control circuit of the final selector to the potentiometer OPT, because said 40 v. potential can be transmitted through a branch rectifier, such as ARCP which then has a low resistance; the difference of potential between the upper terminal of Rg and the source connected to the branch rectier is. absorbed in the resistance Rg land no current ilows to the potentiometer. The branch rectifiers act as gates whichmay open or close the circuit terminating in potentiometer OPT. Current can only ow to the potentiometerl when the gate device is closed by application of 16 v. potential by the associated sources. It will be clear from this that current will only flow from one of the sources Pd when all the gates controlling the circuit connecting resistance Rg of an individual line to the common potentiometer OPT are closed simultaneously. Consequently, it is only at this moment that the potential of 'the potentiometer and consequently that of the tube SVA3, is brought to about -16 v., due to the relative values of the various resistances placed in the circuit.

It will now be seen that the three sets of sources, Pa, Pb and Pc are connected to the gates in such a way that the moment at which these three gates are closed differs for each of the lines; each of the lines, will thus supply an impulse to the grid circuit of tube SVA3` for a single time unit which characterises this line. The combination of sources to be connected to the various gates which enables this result to be obtained for the various outlets numbered 00 to 99 is shown in Fig. '7; this figure also shows the time unit in which each of the outlets supplies an impulse. It will be noted that this table mentions time units numbered from 1 to 120, arrangements being provided so that the sixth unit of each group of six is not used for send-ing impulses, 100 units out of 120 being used for the 100 lines.

As indicated, each of the lines is connected to an individual rectifier associated with one of the sources Pal 5; but it is also` connected to one of the sources P114/ to Pdi through rectifier Rcs, resistance Rg and a jumpering connection.

This connection provides a means of grouping the lines in addition to the class-of-line grouping alreadyreferred to. It has no effect cn the line-identifying pulses Pc, Pb, Pc.

It-is obvious that the -16 v. potential supplied by the source Pdconnected to the line'will be 'absorbed in resistance Rg and that the potential onthe upper terminal of this resistance will be kept at -40 v., unless the source Pa to which the individualtest wire is connected is supplying a 16 v. potential. ln-other words, for a line connected to source Pd4 the potential on the upper terminal Rg must be brought to a value which can influence the grid of SVAS-during the periodl in which source Pd4 is relatively positive; i. e. in the time units No. 361. 480. Similarly, a line or lines connected to Pd, can

11 only affect the potential of the grid circuit in the time units 481 600.

It is clear from the above that, for each individual line, a -16 V. impulse will only be applied to the grid circuit of tube SVA3 for one only of the 1200 time units characterising the line concerned.

For example, line 25 will send an impulse, according to the table of Fig. 7, in time unit No. 31, under the control of sources Pai, Phi, and PC2. When this line is connected, for example, to source Pd5, said source suppresses the impulse 3l in al1 time units except the fifth period of 120 time units, so that under these conditions, an impulse is only sent in the third time unit of the fifth period, i. e. in time unit No. 511.

The cathode circuit of amplier tube SVAS is normally connected to earth through a resistance GRSl; under these conditions the grid is suciently negative with respect to the cathode so that the impulses sent through the gates to the grid circuit do not fire the tube. When the common control circuit is seized the relay GB, through its make contact gb3, applies a potential of about -20 v. to the cathode of tube SVA3 due to the fact that a circuit is completd from the cathode of a suppressor tube SVA4 to the cathode of SVA3. Tube SVA4 is made up of the right hand triode of the double triode of which amplifier tube SVA3 forms part. The suppressor tube is so connected that its cathode is at a potential which maintains its grid at a potential of 21.5 v.

Consequently when contact gb3 is closed, the cathode of amplifier tube SVA3 is also brought to a potential of -20 v. In these conditions the relative potentials of cathode and grid are such that, in fact, the impulses from the gates cannot alone influence the tube; they are only intended to charge a small condenser GCI which directly connects the grid to impulse source d2, the characteristics of which are also shown in Fig. 6. When this impulse source d2 supplies a short impulse at a moment when the condenser is already charged by an impulse from the gates, the potential of the grid is momentarily brought to such a value that current begins to iiow in the anode circuit. A short impulse is then sent to the anode circuit of the two triodes SVAI, SVA2, forming the other double triode and acts in such a way on these triodes, via a transformer connected to said double triode, that said triodes generate an impulse which is transmitted from their cathode circuit to the associated final selector circuit. This impulse thus begins at the same time as impulsedZ, i. e. towards the end of the time unit in which an impulse is sent by a particular line, as can be seen in Fig. 6. The length of the regenerated impulse is approximately equal to one time unit of source Pa, so that it is still sent during the next time unit in which said source Pa sends an impulse.

As the isolated lines are connected to the'impulse source P114 it is clear that all the isolated lines which are available are sending an impulse for a series of time units numbered 361-480. All these impulses are sent through the final selector to the register circuit through the back contact hm! make contact fa6, back contact HB! and the wire D to the register.

. The positive impulses sent back on the D wire are sent to the grid of the thermionic tube Val (Fig. 1) through the back contact ok. Normally, the grid of Val is very negative owing to the fact that the resistance inserted between the positive earth and the grid is of four meg'ohms, while the resistance inserted between the negative-battery of 48 v. and the grid is only of 1 megohm. The grid of the twin tube Va2 and that of each of the two other twin tubes Va3, Vall, are also very negative owing to the fact that they are connected permanently to a negative battery through 500K.

It will be assumed that the register controller has recorded the two digits on a decimal basis in accordance with a well known method and that the said digits have been translated in accordance with a system on a 4, 5, 6 basis, as was necessary for the control of the selection in a system like that under consideration. The translating means provided may be of a well known type, and have been employed in register controllers for some years. Such means, such as light current electromagnetic relays of the telephone type, then effect the connection of one source in each of the groups of sources Pc, Pb, Pa in accordance with the translation that has just been made; said sources are connected through the follow'- ing circuits; back contact ph3, back contact 0T2, make contact ch2, and grid of the tube Va2; back contact 013, back contact ph', and grid of the tube Vall; back contact ph, back contact si5, back contact otd, and grid of the tube Va3.

The circuit arrangements previously described have been provided in accordance with the switch system practice which has been in use for a number of years, and are within the competence of any switching circuit engineer; it is therefore considered that the insertion of detailed circuits and the description of such arrangements would uselessly prolong the specification and would be liable to make the invention less clear.

Each of the impulses received on the grids renders the corresponding tube conductive and the cathode, which is normally negative, becomes positive by reason of the high resistance of the cathode circuit compared with that of the anodecathode path.

The two twin triodes Val, Va2, Va3, Va4 have their cathodes interconnected through the rectiers Rel, RC2, RC3, RC4, and all connected in parallel to the grid of the tube V02 through a wire common to all the cathodes.

When each impulse is received on a grid, current will flow from the exchange battery to the impulse source of -16 v. through the grid resistance and the rectifier corresponding to the source concerned; the grid will be brought to -16 v. potential during the period of said impulses; the corresponding tube then becoming conductive. At any other time, a -40 v. potential will be applied to the grid of the corresponding tube and said tube will not be conductive.

Impulses from a source d3 are applied regularly to the grid of the tube V02, which forms part of a twin triodeVol, V02 adapted to produce impulses. As long as one or more of the cathodes of the tubes Val, Va2, Va3, Vall, are negative, each impulse d3 is absorbed in the 20K resistance, owing to the ow of the current through said resistance, one or more of the rectiers Rcl, RC2, Rc3, R04, and the negative cathode or cathodes. However, when impulses are simultaneously applied to the grids of the tubes Val, Va2, Va3, Vall, by the nal selector, and by the sources Pc, Pd,.Pa, selectedby the ,digits which have been recorded, all the cathodes become simultaneously positive and the corresponding impulse d3 renders the grid of V02 positive, since there is no flow of 13 current through the 20K resistance and eitherof the rectiiiers. l

Consequently, tube V02 energises tube Vol. Tube Vol forms part ofY an impulse regenerator circuit which also comprises a transformer TP, TS connecting the anode and grid circuits, aresistance RRS, and a varistor or thermistor TH in parallel between the grid bias and cathode circuits.

In the absence of a trigger impulse the grid of the generator tube Vol is polarised'to a value which does not permit the operation of said tube and no current will flow through the windings TP, TS of the transformer and the tube. If a negative Voltage is suddenly applied to the anode of the tube, this voltage changes sign after having been induced in the grid winding of the coupling transformer, and the grid becomes positive. If the amplitude of the applied voltage is suiiicient to bring the grid potential to a value permitting the tube to operate, taking into consideration the grid bias, the generator is triggered off. Anode current begins to ilow through the anode winding, the grid potential becoming for this reason more positive and in turn cause a fresh increase of anode current. Thus, the grid potential almost immediately becomes higher than that of the cathode; a fairly heavy grid current begins to flow, which limits any further increase in the grid voltage. the anode and grid current begins to decrease, the second more rapidly than the rst, so that the difference between the ampere-turns of the anode and grid circuits continues to increase.

After a certain time, which to a great extent depends on the self -inductance of the transformer windings and the anode resistance of the tube, the grid current is cancelled. From this moment any decrease of the anode current causes a negative voltage in the grid winding, which in turn of substantially rectangular form is produced in the cathode circuit, the amplitude and duration of said impulse not being dependent on the amplitude or the shape of the trigger impulse.

The load resistance inserted in the cathode circuit of the generator tube transforms the cui rent impulse into a voltage impulse; said voltage is maintained at a substantially constant Value for the whole period of the impulse owing to the presence of the thermistor TI-l.

Gne impulse will be produced for each trigger impulse applied to the anode. The Voltage impulse produced on the terminals of the load resistance of Voi is applied to the iinal selector through the rectifier Rop and the wire C.

The impulse sent on the C wire will also cause the firing of the cold cathode tube Va, of 4which the cathode is at the potential of -150 V., which causes the energisation of relay Si through the following circuit: cathode and anode of tube Via, back contact phi, relay Si, back contact olc, earth. The tubes Vabu, Voa Volt are not :fired at the moment concerned, on account of the control exerted on their control electrode by the associated rectiiier systems.

Relay `Ot is energised through the following n circuit; back contact ori, back contact est, make contact siii. The closing Y of contact ot'l causes the connection of the test relay T to the vwire A.

The m1121115@ is retransmitted by the register to the common control circuit through the following At this moment '14 circuit: wire, haci: lcontactpHBZ .in the final selector, make contact ,m2 :and cold cathode tubes VRAI li, VRBI 5, VRCI A.; it arrives in the time 4unit following the. one in which the tube SVA3 has 'received .an impulse.

These fifteen tubes are each controlled by 'a gate connected with one of the vtime impl-use sources of which the diagram and the assignment have .been indicated in Figs. 6 land 7., said tubes .only being able "to be ionised at specific times.

Thus, for example, tube VRAI is controlled Vby the impulse source Rai, vthe tube is controlled by the .source R112, and so on, vso that a tube such as VRAI can only be ionised .in one oi the time uni-ts in which the .source Rai is at a relatively positive potential, that is, according to Fig. 7 intime units l, .'I, i3 etc.

Similarly, the tube VRBI 5 are each connected through a gate to .one of the sources Rb! be ionized in one or the time units in `which the source Rb'l lis at a relatively positive potential, that is, .the time units 'I ,6, 3i 6i ISG, etc.

Similarly, the tubes VRCi 4, vare controlled by the ysources .RCI e, of which the sending periods may also be found in 7.

Finally, there is -an additional tube Vd which is not controlled by gates and is ionised owing `to this fact when it receives an impulse from the register through the C wire in any time unit.

It will be clear from the foregoing that an impulse arriving in any time unit wiii .always cause the ionisation of one tube in each of the three groups VRA, VRB and VRC so that a combina tion of three ltubes taken from each of the three groups, characteristises a time unit.

For example, in the case of an impuise from outlet No. 25 during a period of transmission of the source Pd5, an impulse is produced in time unit No. 511, that is, in time unit 12G c+3i, as has previously been explained, and will arrive on the cold cathode tubes of the common control circuit in time unit No. 512.

This impulse is received in a time unit in which only the sources Ra, RbI and Rc2 are at relatively positive potential, so that the tubes VRAZ, VRBI and VRC2 are ionised and canse the operation of their anode relays Ab, Ba, Cb.

The iinal selector circuits have been pro'-.1ide` for `use with a multi-switch having the foliowing characteristics.

The switch comprises a certain number of horizontal bars, each of which may be considered representing an `individual switch capable of handling a call like a single-motion switch of the well known type. 100 outletsiiave been provided common to all the individual switches and accessible through said switches.

When a Ver-tical bei" and a hnriaontal bar have operated successively, a cert-ain number of conn tacts are closed' at the point of intersection of these bars, the individual switch being connecte-.i to the output concerned through said contacts. In the switch shown, this number of contacts is five; these contacts, placed at an intersection point, are designated by A, B', C, D and E; at the right of these contacts are shown the connection tov the outlets accessible through the ver tical bar concerned; toA the left of these contacts are shown the connections associated with the individual switch. AThe `10() outlets are divided lltov two vgroups of 5.0, 50 o o-ordinate points being provided between each horizontal bar and 5, so that e. tube such as VRB'I can .cniy

' 15 the vertical bai-'with two sets' of five contacts for each co-ordinate point. Each vertical bar 1s associated with an individual operating electromagnet, the energisation of said magnet actuating the bar upwards. One horizontal bar is provided for each of the a: individual switches, which make up the multi-switch, an individual horizontal magnet HM is provided for each of the switches and two horizontal servo-magnets SHMA, SHMB are provided in common for all the switches. The operation of an individual horizontal magnet does not energise the corresponding horizontal bar, but the operation of a horizontal magnet followed by one of the horizontal servo-magnets actuates the corresponding horizontal bar to the right or to the left in order to close either one of the series or" contacts at the co-ordinate point determined by the vertical bar and the horizontal bar which have operated.

It will be seen that each of the two groups of outlets of the switch correspond to sixty time units taken in the cycle of 120 time units. Each of the two sets of sixty time units comprises 6 5 2 combinations of the sources Pc, Pb, Pc. Referring to the common control circuit, it will be seen that the relays Ca Cd correspond to the four time units Pc, Cfr-Cb, Cc-Cd characterising respectively the two groups of fifty' outlets, -ll, and Sii-99, Ca, Cc and Cb, Cd each respectively characterising the two groups of 25 series of contacts Uil-24, 50-14; and 25-58, 'i5-'t9 which are controlled by the vertical magnets l-25 and 2li-5i). The iirst group of outlets is connected by a selection operation by one of the horizontal servo-magnets SHMA; the second group of outlets is connected by a selection operation by the other horizontal servo-magnet SHMB. The relays Gd and GE respectively are actuated to control the selection operations under the control of the relays Ca, Cb, and the relays Cc and Cd.

If we refer to the table in Fig. '7 we find the impulse sources Pa, Pb, and Pc for each of the outlets. As has been indicated, the sources Ra, Rb and Rc are used in relation to the sources Pa, Pb and Pc in such a way that outlet No. 25 which corresponds in said table to the sources Pal, Pbl and PC2, also correspond to the sources RaZ, Rb! and RC2, the register tubes VRAZ, VRBI and VRC2 and the associated relays Ab, Ba and Cb operating for outlet No. 25. This is in accordance with the combination of contacts making it possible to actuate the vertical magnets one of which is shown in Fig. 5 the contacts abt, be2 and cb! causing the operation of the vertical magnet VM No. 26. Similarly, in outlet No. T4, the sources RaS, Rb5 and R03 will cause the energisation of relays Af, Be, Cc and magnet VM No. 25 will be energised through the contacts af, bel and cel.

First of all, a circuit is completedv for one of the 50 vertical magnets VM; thus, for example, this circuit is as follows for outlet No. 25: make contacts of relays Ab, Ba and Cb actuated by the tubes VRA2, VRBI and VRC2 and vertical magnet No. 2.

Secondly, one of the relays GD and GE pulls up, on account of the operation of one of the relays Ca Cd in series with one of the tubes VRCI 4; the relay GD operates under th-e control of one of the relays Ca or Cb through contacts cd2 or cb2; relay GE operates under the control of one vof the relays Cc or Cd through the contacts ce2 or cd2. The vertical magnet which has operated completes a holding circuit for itself through its own make contact omi, one of the make contacts 'gd or ge5, relay GH and earth. Relay GH opens through its back contact ghl the circuit of relay At the same time, the vertical magnet VM which has been energised actuates the associated vertical bar upwards; the vertical bar No. 26 is actuated in the case of a call to outlet No. 25, and vertical bar No. 25 is actuated in the case of the outlet No. 16. These two bars control contacts which are respectively connected to outlets No. 25 and 15 and the outlets No. 24 and 14.

A circuit is closed by one of the contacts gd4 or ge4 to one of the contacts associated with each Vertical bar actuated, so that a special circuit can be completed to the scanning device for identifying the class of the selected outlet, as Will be described.

lAs has been indicated, the register controller has caused the connection of the test relay T on the wire A. Relay T is then energised, through the following circuit: earth, relay T, make contact otl, wire A, back contact HB5 in the iinal selector, make contact fc5, relay GC in the comvmon control circuit, 24U-ohm resistance, battery.

The relay GC pulls up. The closing of contact tl completes a double test circuit through relays Dt, T, in accordance with a well known method; the relay Dt is energised also, provided that the line concerned has only been selected by the register controller concerned. The contacts 0156 and c1153 are both maintained open, so that all the class-of-line relays Oa Oh, which are in the operative position, fall back. Contact dtd is closed and energises relay Cs. The closing of contact cs2 causes the energisation of relay Or provided that all the relays of outlets Oa Oh have returned to normal due to the opening of contacts ot and dt3. The contact or! is opened and restores relay Ot and its associated contacts, to normal, so that earth is again applied to the relays and class-of-outlet tubes Oa Oh, Voa Voh. The operation of relay GC in the rcommon control circuit completes a holding circuit for that one of the relays GD or GE which has operated, so that this relay, like the magnet VM which has operated and is controlled by GD or GE, is rendered independent of the position of the anode relays Ca Cd.

As has been indicated, the return impulse transmitted by the register through the wire C has energised the tube Vd. The operation of tube Vd causes a positive potential to be applied to the potentiometer which supply the bias for tube SVA4. Normally this tube is not conducting and the cathode is maintained at a negative potential which in turn maintains the cathode of tube SVA@ at such a potential that that tube may operate. When the positive potential from the cathode 0f tube Vd is applied to the grid of tube SVA, this tube conducts and the increased potential of the cathode raises the potential of the .tube SVAS suiiiciently to shut oi that tube and prevent other pulses from being transmitted to the register over the wire D.

The vrelay GF is energised in series with the tube Vd and short circuits the Winding of relay GB, so that said relay begins to release slowly. Before the relay GB can release completely, relay GC can operate, so that the circuit of the relay GB is opened by the back contact ac3, relay GB releasing immediately. In releasing it opens its contact gbl, which in turn opens the anode circuits of all the cold cathode tubes, so that the tubes which were ionised are extinguished, thus causing the release of the corresponding anode time unit.

:relays mie-:opening of :contact .gint does -notv'put the tube SVAS out of action, since contact ycll .risiclosecL and-removal of the'positive biasfon the -grid foftube vSSX/"Ail prepares tube SVAS yfor again :transmitting pulses.

After having thus determined :the identity of v.the Aline selected, acontrol operation will-be ef- Distributor frame Zine category connections Line :Category T11-ne Position Class of Line 6 lOrdinary line; orlast line of a sn' all P. B. X group; or'any line of a large P. B. vX

group other thanthe last line. Limited service line. 'Line ola subscriber absent a long time. "Lilrjieof a subscriber'having a changedmumer. Reserve-for routine testing.

Available position (lstparty line). .Avaliable position (2nd party Ime). Available position f (3rd party line). Available position (4th party line). Reserved for routine testir g. o vlst line of anon-numerical?. B. X'group.

Any line of a small PK. .B. X -group (with consecutive numbers) other than the last line. 1st line o 11st large P. B. X group (with nonconsecutive numbers). lst line of 2nd large P, 13. X group. 'Reserved for routine testir g.

lst line oi 3rd large'l?. B.*X group. lstline of 4th large P. B. X group. 1st line of 5th. large P.B. X group. lst line of'thlarge'RB. X group. Reserved for routine testing.

.This impulse is produced in-the following manner:

Each group of veindividual .lines F, where they come together, :are connected through a .rectier .DECS `,and a .resistance vCCIP, to a wire .COL which is also connected througha :resistance tofan earthed battery. The yjunction of the rectiier DRCS :andthe resistance COPu is connected to the source .Pa through a .-.rectier ERCP. When relay 4C-C is operated, the source PaS is valso connected through vafmake contact gel .and .arectier to thepotenticmeter OPTconnected to Athe .grid circuitof tube .SVAS. If earthl is now applied tooneofthewires COL, current can now lthrough -theassociated rectifier EPCP at all times except whenv this rectifier is blocked by *.thepulse Afrom the sourcerPat. Apositivepulse Willtherefore appearat the pointer juncture of the associated live linesat .one-of the'itiine :units .of .Pa vdetermined Aby the particular PbV pulse `and Pc -pulselappliedfto rectiersfBRCP'and .CROP of the particular'branch ofthe circuit. Thuaif Vpulses Pb! and Pci `are ccnnected'to the particular 'branch circuit, theonly Pat pulse to appear on the :grid of tubefS'V'A-B Will-be inthe No. 6 Pulses P213 'and :Pcl will produce a pulse iin lthe No.' 18 time unit, ywhile the .pulses .fPbli Land PC2 Willgpre'duce a :pulse rin the .No 36 etime unit.

.':It :is :necessary then '.to earth :a .particular one :of-fthetwenty wires-COL toproducea .pulse identifying the class-'or` theline. :For thispurpose the :make contacts `4VB3 and VB@ associated.:with the vertie'alabars are connectedtbyjumpering, foreach f :offtheflines'to onezof thevZOclass-of-.outlet wires '.COL, according to the'class to which the outlet rbelongs.

It :will be seen that all these time units correspond to the last time yunit of each of the 20 Successive groups of six'time units Pa, in a group of time units fdened by the-sources Pa, Pb and Pc. The rst stage of .gates controlling the COL wire of thetwenty classes-oi-outlets is con- Vnectedinfall .cases to the source Pa. There are `thus twenty time units which are not associated 'With the 'outlets 'til 99, vaccording to the table oiVFig. i7. 'The "second and third stages of gates :arecontrolled by 'the sources Pb and Pc, y'and are thersarnera's 'those 4controlling the scanning ofthe liltestwires.

.'.Consequently, .according 'to the class of the `selected line, earth @will'be v'connected to one of Vthetwenty class-.of-'outlet Wires through-the contact ofthe vertical'bar .which corresponds to the selected line; impulses vwill be transmitted in the corresponding time unit to the 'amplier tube SVA3, which is maintained in working condition due -to 'the factthatthe Abattery is maintained on `its cathode rthrough the make contact gef-i before `the contact gb3 has vvbeen able to open, said tube then b'eing'able nto 4correspond to the impulses. These impulses are sentence during each cycle .of V120 'time units; the tube is triggered once 'through eachfcycle'of 120 time units by means of the detector impulse supplied by the source d2, 'which is Yconnected 'tothe grid ofthe tubeSVA through thesmall eondenser'GCL'as already eX- plained. This occurs vatth'e exact moment when the impulse is vsuppliedbythe source d2, that is, exactly-at the end of the time unit in which an impulse is supplied throughthe rwire COL.

This 'impulseis then regenerated in accordance with the method "described for the selective impulses.

'The regenerated impulseis then' transmittedto the register through the Wire D. In the register the operation -of "contacts m2, fort, during the ychecking of the release of the ,class-of-*outlet 'relays Ga ...;Oh, has disconnected the grids of the tubes W12, Llaflfrom the sources 'Pc vand 'Pb 'in order :to connect Nthem to .earth through a y50,000ohm'r-esistance. VOwingtothisthe cathode I'of tubes'VaQ and 'Vmifis' positive, so that from this moment, the'reetifiers R62, Reli are non-conductive and cannot absorb the impulses from the :source d3 connected Eto -the grid circuit of the ytube Vo2. At the same moment, `the tube Vat, Ycnaccoun't` ofthe release of relay'Ot', is connected to the impulse source'Pal through the back con- 'tact .0754 and :themake 'contact sis. Consequently, .rectierBcB now Aabsorbs lall the impulses coming from the fsourcet which ycorrespond to the transmission'periods "o'f the `sources FaQ rto Pa, "It does not absorbtheiinpulses `corresponding to the 'periods "of "transmission of the source Pai. Consequently, `,the register maybe in'iiuenced by 4the impulsesarriving-in one of the time units 'corresponding eXclusiyel-y'to `the periods of transmissionof Pal, landrwill not react to any ofthe .impulses .which might Varrive during periods corresponding tothe control of selection.

.It willbeseen ,that during the selection of the Aline,-a rst discriminationmaybe .made by one of .the Various soureesPd, but a seconddiscrimination is made by the various Ycombinations Pd,

, Pc, by a series of class-of-.outlet operations. ,The

`objects 'offthese'two different discriminations Will "becomefapparent later-on.

' `When"the impulse corresponding to the class Iselecte'dfis applied' to the Wire D in a -timevunit register.

accmfio 19 of transmission of the source Pal, the tubes ya! and Vaare simultaneously conductive andan impulse is sent to tube V02. The impulse generator, comprising the tube Vol, then produ-ces a regenerated impulse which begins at the moment when the source d3 is positive, this impulse being transmitted on the wire C. This impulse has no effect on the common control circuit of the final selector since its contact gbl is open, but it is applied to the tubes Voa .Voh in the According to the time unit in which `said impulse is received, it will coincide with the impulses Rb, Rc and Ral applied through rectiers to the resistances of the control electrodes of a particular pair of tubes Voa Voh. In the case of a call to an isolated line, the tubes Voa, Voe controlling the operation of relays Oa, Oe are red, and the corresponding relays pull up.

The relay Ok is then energised through back contact ot make contact dt2, make contact oeil,

. make contact oa l.

The operation of relays Oa and Oe release the relay O1' on account of the opening of the contacts co3 and oe3, and relay Si is released on account of the opening of contact olc. The opening of contact 011:5 removes ground from the wire B, so that relay FA in the final selector completes the following holding circuit for itself; magnet HM, make contact fail and inlet wire E earthed.V

As soon as the magnet HM has operated, it opens its back contact km2, thus removing ground from the wire B of the iinal selector. The relay Ch had momentarily remained held, after the removal of earth at olc from thewire B by the earth coming from the selector through said wire B, back contact km2, magnet HM, make contact fa, wire E and earth in thec'ord circuit; it now releases thus checking the complete operation of the magnet HM and the final seleci tor.

The earth through the make contact dt4, make contact csi, back contact chl, make contact oki,

in the register and the wire D now causes the energisation ofV the horizontal servo-magnet SHMA or SHMB in the common control circuit of the iinal selector, which has been connected to the wire D on account of the operation of one of the relays GD or GE. The horizontal servomagnet operates the horizontal bar.

If the magnet SHMA has been energised, the horizontal bar of the nal selector in which the horizontal magnet HM had been previously energised, is actuated in a certain direction, towards the left, for example, while if the magnet SHMB D ing of contact dt and that of contact HBI in the iinal selector circuit, since the relay Cs was held through the following circuit; wire D, back contact HBl, make contact fer6, make contact-limi, make contact ehm! or shmbl, earth.

The relay DT produces at dt2 the release of the relay Ok. The register controller is then completely released in the well known manner, the connection then being applied. DCZWQGIL tEhe calling and desired lines in a manner whichvis equally 'well known.

`The above explanation applies to the selection of a free line. When a line is engaged, theelectrical condition characterising the availability of said line is replaced by an electrical condition characteristic of the busy condition. This is done by preventing the line-identifying, timeunit impulses, which, in the case of a free line, are supplied by one of the sources Pelli Pdl, connected to the individual resistance Rg, and occur during the time of that source, from reaching the amplifier tube SVAS, and by replacing these impulses by others also identifying the line but supplied by one of the sources Pdi or 1d2 according to whether the line is engaged by a local call or by a toll call. In this case, the source Pdi is connected (at a point not shown) to the D wire of the desired line by the cord circuit used in the existing connection, while the source PdZ is connected (at a point not shown) to the D wire of the desired line, by the inlet circuit employed in the toll connection. A resistance Rhp in parallel with a rectiner Rop is inserted on the wire D of the nal selector in series with this connection, as has been shown. Consequently, when the source Pdil is relatively positive (-16 v.), the wire coming from the resistance Rg is maintained at a potential of -40 v., because this wire is connected through the Wire D of the subscriber over another final selector circuit which has engaged the line to the source Pdl or Pd which at this moment is at the potentialof -40 v. While the rectiiier Rep inserted in the wire D of the nal selector circuit has a low.- resistance under these conditions, the difference of potential existing between this wire (-40 v.) and the source Pdt (-16 v.) is absorbed in the resistance Rg. In this way the impulses line-identifying during the time of theA pulses from the sources Pdll Pdli will no longer be transmitted to the ampliiier tube SVAS. Instead, aline-identifying impulse will be sent during the Vtime unit in which one of the two sources Pd! or P012 is positive, according to whether it is the source Pali or Pd? which is connected over the other circuit to the wire D of the subscriber.

-When this source is positive (that is, in the time units l 120 for the source Pdl and in the time units 121 240 for the source P012), current will flow from this source connected to the mother circuit through the resistance Rhp inserted rectilers ARCS, BRCS, CROS of the common control circuit. When the gates associated with the line are all three conductive, which happens in one of the time units characterising this line, the potential of the D wire and consequently that of the grid circuit of the ampliner tube, is modified, the tube SVAB then causing the transmission of one impulse through the regenerator esA circuit which comprises the tube SVM.

It will be noticed that, although the subscribers D wire may now beat a potential of 16 v.

during a period in which the source Pdi is at 40 v., this source cannot influence the potential of the D wire owing to the fact that the rectier Rcs in series with the resistance Rg is not conductive under these conditions.

lef

When a busy single line is wanted, it is clear from the foregoing that no impulse will be .transmitted for this line during the time unit in 

